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Resultant | Beam Formulas

Closed-form beam formula reference covering simply supported, cantilever, fixed-fixed and propped beams under point, uniform, partial, triangular and moment loading. Enter what you know, click a result to make it a known value, and solve for whatever is left blank. Runs entirely in the browser. No account required.

Beam Formula Calculator

Closed-form solutions for 17 standard beam load cases, taken from Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain, 8th edition. Pick a case, enter what you know, and the tool returns support reactions, bending moments, maximum deflection and end slopes, showing the formula and the numbers substituted into it for every value it prints.

Every formula in the tool is checked against an independent singularity-function solver built from first principles, so the printed results and the printed formulas agree.

How to use it

  1. Find a load case. Type in the filter box above the case list to narrow it down. It matches the case name, its description, and common alternative names, so "UDL", "distributed" and "w" all reach the same case.
  2. Enter your known values. Fill in span, load, and, if you want deflection and slope, the elastic modulus E and second moment of area I. Results update as you type.
  3. To work backwards, click a result. Clicking a reaction or moment marks it as a known value. Leave one input blank and it gets solved from that known. So you can enter a deflection limit, leave I blank, and read off the second moment of area you need.
  4. Check the working. The Working switch in the results panel shows each formula symbolically, then with your numbers in place, then the answer.
  5. Export or share. Copy puts a PNG of the diagram and results on the clipboard for pasting into a report. The address bar also tracks the case and the values, so the link reproduces exactly what is on screen.

Cases covered

Simply supported

  • Point load at midspan, and point load at any position a along the span
  • Two equal point loads placed symmetrically, the four point bending arrangement
  • Uniform load over the full span, and over a part span of length a from the left support
  • Triangular load, zero at one end rising to w at the other
  • Applied moment at one support

Cantilever

  • Point load at the free end, and at any position a from the wall
  • Uniform load over the full length
  • Triangular load peaking at the wall
  • Applied moment at the free end

Fixed and propped

  • Fixed at both ends: uniform load, centre point load, point load at any position a
  • Propped cantilever, fixed one end and supported at the other: uniform load, centre point load

Solve for any variable

Most beam calculators run one way: inputs in, answer out. This one runs both ways. Click the result you already know, such as a maximum moment or a deflection limit, then leave the variable you want blank. Each case carries its own algebraically inverted formulas, so the answer is exact rather than iterated, and the rearranged expression is shown alongside it.

A single known value can drive different unknowns. With the maximum moment pinned on a simply supported beam with a point load, leaving P blank returns the load, and leaving L blank instead returns the span.

Combining two load cases

Real beams rarely carry one load. The Combine switch adds a second case on the same span and the same supports, for example self weight as a uniform load plus a point load at midspan.

The combined answer is not produced by adding the two peak values together. The largest moment of a combined load is generally not the sum of the individual largest moments, because they occur at different positions along the beam. Instead the tool rebuilds the whole problem with both load sets applied, solves it, and searches the resulting bending moment and deflection curves for their true peaks.

Worked example

Problem: a 6 m simply supported steel beam, E = 200 GPa, I = 8.33e-5 m4, carrying a 12 kN point load at midspan. Find the reactions, maximum moment and maximum deflection.

Reactions. By symmetry, RA = RB = P/2 = 6 kN.

Maximum moment. Mmax = PL/4 = (12)(6)/4 = 18 kN·m at midspan.

Maximum deflection. δmax = PL³/(48EI) = (12)(6)³ / (48 × 2×108 × 8.33×10-5) = 0.00324 m, that is 3.24 mm at midspan. Note the load is in kN and the modulus in kN/m² so the units stay consistent.

Frequently asked questions

What units does the calculator use?

Whatever you choose. SI and Imperial presets are one click, and the dropdown beside each input switches that quantity on its own, so you can work in metres and millimetres at the same time. Conversion is handled internally, and switching units back and forth returns the values you originally typed rather than a re-rounded version of them.

Why does the working sometimes show different numbers than the input boxes?

Deflection and slope formulas mix quantities whose everyday units are not consistent with each other, such as GPa with cm4 and mm. Those substitution lines are shown in kN and m, marked with a small unit tag, because that is what actually multiplies out to the answer. Reactions and moments are shown in your chosen display units, which are already consistent.

What is the moment of inertia for a standard cross-section?

Rectangle of width b and height h: I = bh³/12. Solid circle of diameter d: I = πd⁴/64. For rolled steel sections, look up the tabulated value in a section table or the AISC Steel Construction Manual.

Why is my deflection result so large?

Deflection scales with L³ or L⁴ depending on the case, so span dominates. After that, check I. For a rectangular section I scales with h³, so depth matters far more than width. Also confirm E is in the right units, since mixing GPa with MPa is a factor of a thousand.

Does this draw shear and bending moment diagrams?

No, that is a separate tool. This one returns peak values and the formulas behind them. For full shear and moment diagrams along the beam, use the V&M Solver.

Related tools

  • Shear and moment diagram calculator, full V(x) and M(x) diagrams instead of peak values only.
  • Moment of inertia and centroid calculator, the I these formulas need for a non-standard section.
  • Mohr's circle calculator, principal stresses once you have the bending moment.

Formulas from Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain, 8th Ed. (Young & Budynas), each one verified against an independent solver. Part of Resultant, a free suite of browser-based engineering tools. No backend, no account, no paywall.

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